INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS AND INTERACTION WITH ECOLOGY: THE CASE OF PAKISTAN By

The paper discusses different case studies prepared in the last ten years in Pakistan on the subject of ‘industrial pollution and impacts on ecological setting’. On the basis of this discussion paper draws inferences, and extrapolates them under different alternatives to stipulate their implications for ‘Shaping the Sustainable Millennium’ for Pakistan and lessons learnt for other developing countries. Paper substantially uses the information from National Conservation Strategy (1992), Punjab Water Sector Development Project-Asian Development Bank (2000), and implementation experience of Environmental Technology Program for Industry (1996-2000) in six industrial sectors of Pakistan for the abatement of pollution. The Ecology and Interaction with Industrial Operations At present Pakistan is tenth most populous country of the world and it will become the eighth most populous country by year 2010. The elements of Pakistan’s ecology which directly interact with industrial operations are; land, water, coastal areas, and air. Interaction of industrial operations with the major elements of the ecology of Pakistan are described below :